Category Archives: gardening

barbie's excellent garden adventure

Realtors have their location, location, location mantra that they recite as the factor that contributes most to a property’s value. A similar thing could be said for predicting how well a plant will do in the garden. Even if you follow the basic instructions on a plant’s requirements–basic information about its preferences for sun or shade, for instance, or its preferences for more or less water–lots of other variables can figure in the equation for how well the plant will do for you.

Here are a couple pairs of pictures of Barbie posing by plants in the garden so you can get a sense of scale. In each pairing, the plants next to Barbie went into the ground on the same day. But you can see how much difference the location of the transplants made in how much they liked their new homes.

First is Barbie next to plants of Rudbeckia hirta ‘Green Eyes’ that were planted last Fall:

Barbie and Rudbeckia #1 Barbie and Rudbeckia #2

In the first location, in the front yard, the plant is hanging on but not happy. It gets sun virtually all day and gets watered infrequently. The soil is fairly dense clay with minimal amendments, and the location has no mulch. With multi-year-old plantings nearby, much of the water is sucked up by roots of the more established plants.

In the second location, the plants are doing much better. The exposure is East-Northeast, meaning the plants get sun in the morning, with some additional boost reflected off the house. Watering is generally about once a week. The soil is clay, similar to the first location, but it received a few amendments at the time of planting. A layer of dark pebbles serves as mulch. Though the plants are next to a shrub, the shrub was planted at the same time and the rudbeckis, meaning the roots from the shrub weren’t running through the area and didn’t interfere with these plants getting established.

My conclusion? Though frequently considered a fairly drought-tolerant plant, rudbeckias do appreciate some moisture. Competition from nearby plantings can have a dramatic effect on how well a newly-introduced will do. Increasing the watering of the little front-yard plant could give it a better chance, and doing a little root-pruning with a shovel about a foot away from the base of the plant would help reduce competition from its thirsty neighbors. Some sort of mulch could help preserve soil moisture in this very exposed location.

Next we see Barbie posed next to plants of the tomato, Cherokee Purple:

Barbie and Cherokee Purple #1 Barbie and Cherokee Purple #2

Both locations face West-Southwest, assuring strong sun from before noon into late afternoon. Both locations receive light-to-moderate watering. The soil in the first spot is moderately heavy garden soil amended with organics. The location is part of a retired fishpond where the concrete on the bottom had holes drilled into for drainage, making this in essence a large container set into the ground. The soil is probably less than one foot deep, and the spot isn’t mulched.

The second plant is in a raised bed with deep, sandy soil that wasn’t amended before the plant went in. The plant benefits from a light layer of wood-chip mulch.

The tomato appears to appreciate a deep soil that would encourage a strong root system. Since I can’t do anything now to increase the depth of the soil in the first situation or to improve its makeup, some mulching could help keep the moisture level more uniform. Also, since the plant is essentially containerized, applications of low-nitrogen fertilizer would help equalize its chances for success with the plant that can set its roots deep and wider in search of nutrients. For next year’s plantings, replacing the current soil with a mix more appropriate for containers could also let the plantings fare better.

After this photo shoot in the garden Barbie had to come back inside for a rest. It’s tough being a supermodel.

home depot patriotism

Happy [American] Independence Day, everyone.

Here’s a souvenir of my last trip to Home Depot, a tribute to the good old red, white and…um, purple?

Big flag

And what could be more American than commerce? This was taken a couple days ago. I wonder if there’s any flag left…

Flag for sale

organic, kinda sorta

I suppose saying that your gardening methods are mostly organic is like saying you’re slightly pregnant. If you’re a total purist this is a yes/no sort of thing. I try to keep away from most chemicals, but every now and then something pushes me off the wagon.

Mealybugs ugh ugh ughA few days ago I discovered that there was a sudden and massive infestation of mealybugs on one of my plantings of green-eyed gloriosa daisies, Rudbeckia hirta. In addition to the mealybugs, there was a major trail of ants going into the bed.

I’ve posted before about the symbiotic relationship some fungi and critters have with ants. Since then I’ve read how another critter–bumblebees–have been increasing their dependence on the honeydew produced by sucking insects, in this case, aphids. Apparently the bumblee population has crashed in Scotland, likely because of habitat loss that has destroyed many of the plants they depend on. To compensate, the bumblebees have been visiting plants infested by aphids and feeding off the sweet goo the smaller critters produce. The aphid goo, however, lacks the essential proteins that plant nectar provides the bees, and the bees are suffering even more.

In dealing with my ant-mealybug problem I didn’t want to use a bunch of poisons, partly out of principle, partly out of the fact that the affected plants sit right outside the kitchen window–not a place I wanted a pile of toxics.

My solution to this problem was two-pronged: try to control the ants that were cultivating the mealybugs, and reduce the number of mealybugs on the plants to give them a fighting chance.

I’ll start with the mealybug control steps because that was the organic part. You can knock down mealybug populations to a certain extent using a strong blast of water. You can also use a non-toxic substance like insecticidal soap. With people heading over to the house this holiday weekend, I opted for the latter approach, hoping the control would be quicker and more thorough. A thorough squirt to cover stems and leaves–top and bottom–has reduced their number considerably. I’ll repeat in a couple of days to try to drop the population further.

The ant control part was more difficult. Some species can be controlled by a mixture of borax and sugar left near their trails, but unfortunately my ants didn’t care for my cooking. Dishwashing detergent mixed up with water can sometimes be poured onto their nests to control many of the ants that come in contact with it, but effects don’t last long. Ants dislike cucumbers, so you can sometimes keep them away by spreading cucumber peelings. But once again, that can have limited effects.

So out came the barrier spray that I used once this year to keep them out of the house after everything else failed. The hardscape around the plants got a quick perimeter line of the stuff, as did a couple spots where the ant line crossed some bricks. A quick touchup a couple days later and so far they seem under control.

So, yes, I did let a few squirts of chemicals into the garden, but compared to spraying the plants all over with something poisonous, this seemed like a reasonable compromise.

So is this organic? Not really. But it’s a good way to reduce dependence on chemicals by taking a more systematic approach to pest control.

sharing with the birds

I don’t deadhead every flowering plant in the garden–That would drive me crazy! Besides there are plants that produce seeds that keep the local bird population happy, and many of these plants are annuals that would only come back next year from seed.

Lettuce going to seed

There are some lettuce plants that I’ve been letting go to seed for the last decade or so. I put up with some slightly scrappy looking plants for a month or so. But there are some little yellow-green finches that descend on the vegetable garden, making a most excellent squawking racket. And when the weather turns cool again, there’s a nice little collection of baby lettuces, all from seed, some plants for the salad plate, some to make more seeds for the birds.

deadheading, or, forever 21

You probably know someone like this: Through their young adulthood, through the prime dating years, they hit the gym hard, run, watch what they eat, and pay close attention to styles so that they were always immaculately dressed. But then they eventually meet a mate and settle down. As life’s other priorities take over, the former jock or swimwear model puts on a few midriff pounds and stops being interested in how they look to potential suitors.

That’s the same phenomenon that happens with a lot of flowering plants in the garden. Once they reach maturity, they go crazy putting out flowers to charm pollinators. But before long, the plants have literally gone to seen and start looking scrappy.

These are probably plants that you invited into your garden because of their flowers, not because of their ability to set seed. With many annuals, shrubs and perennials removing the spent flowers–deadheading– is a reliable way to extend the blooming period and keep the plants tidy.

Gaillardia plant
Here’s a plant of the perennial blanket flower, Gaillardia pulchella, that I’ve been deadheading regularly for the last two months. Left to its own devices it would set seed and bloom a lot less or not at all. The process isn’t difficult and can be a relaxing way to spend a few minutes in the garden, clippers in one hand and a refreshing beverage in the other.

Of course one of the most satisfying forms of deadheading is to cut flowers with a bit of stem to bring inside and enjoy in a vase!


Gaillardias to deadheadOf these two flowers, the one on the left is ready to be removed.



Bucket of deadheaded bloomsA week’s worth of spent flowers, ready for the recycling or compost.


Here are some basic deadheading guidelines for a few other kinds of plants:

Many annuals (marigolds, calendulas, cosmos, zinnias, geraniums, pansies, petunias): You can pinch off the old flower on most of these, or you can also use a sharp pair of pruners. Fortunately many annuals are bred to be low maintenance, so they can look great for a long time even without the extra work. But a little attention can keep them looking nicer, longer.

Plants with tall stalks of flowers (snapdragons, floxgloves, penstemons, some sages): Wait until the stem has finished blooming or has just a couple of ragged flowers. Cut the entire stalk below where the lowest flower formed, and above a stem node.

Roses (most modern hybrids): Cut the stems to just above a node where you see five leaves emerging. Cutting higher may give you a few more flowers, but they’ll likely be smaller and on weaker stems.

Bulbs: Cut the flowering stem once the blooms have faded, making the cut towards the base of the plant. Even though bulbs generally won’t rebloom the same season after deadheading, cutting off the developing seed heads will allow the leaves to recharge the bulb for next year’s flowering instead of producing seed.

sage as a cut flower

In the past I’ve occasionally cut flowers from the garden, only to have them wilt immediately and disintegrate into a pile of organic matter on top of a table I wanted to look nice for company. Last weekend I was trimming back the ivy-leaved sage, Salvia cacaliaefolia. At first the stems went into the greens recycling can. But they looked too pretty there and I wondered how well they’d do as cut flowers. So into the house they came, making a big, informal bouquet/science experiment for the dining table.

Cut flowers of ive-leaved sageThe verdict? The flowers looked great through day three, with only the occasional flower falling off the stem. Then after that the ends of the stems where the flowers live started to droop. By day five, although the leaves still looked perfectly presentable, the flower ends were totally wilted, blooms had dropped off the stems, and there was a dry, black, granular something or another (pollen? seeds?) littering the table surface. Time for the greens recycle bin.

That was no worse than the lifespan of many of the more classic cut flowers, so I’ll be treating myself to vase-fulls of ivy-leaved sage the next time I cut it back.

near pandemonium

Outside the plant sale
Earlier today John and I headed over to Balboa Park to the plant sale that was being held to benefit the local Master Gardener program. We got there 20 minutes before the door opened and there were already dozens of people there. To avert a dangerous rush at opening time–you know how rabid and out of control some of those plant people can get when faced with interesting plants at wholesale prices!–they were lining everyone up and handing out numbers.


Once the doors parted it was every gardener for him- or herself. There were tables of herbs, native plants, perennials, drought-tolerant plants, orchids, “unusual plants,” succulents, trees, all of them donated by the Master Gardeners themselves as well as a number of local growers.

Inside the plant sale

We walked out the door with half a flat of various green critters, some fairly common (a couple more gauras to supplement those in the garden) as well as some we hadn’t seen before. John scored what was probably the oddest-looking plant in our little instant collection, a little plant of the paper spine cactus, Tephrocactus articulatus var. paprycanthus. In the end I guess it’s not that uncommon a plant to the local succulent specialists, but for us it’ll be that new weird wonder in the pots of succulents out back.

Plant sale treasure

guerrilla gardening

A topic that’s making its rounds these days is the practice of guerrilla gardening.

It can take different forms, but what’s being talked about most are “seed bombing” and stealthily taking over neglected public spaces.

Richard Reynolds in London has just released a book, On Guerrilla Gardening, and that’s causing a lot of the buzz. The hiply “criminal” nature of what he’s doing has given Reynolds a certain aura. Even Adidas is trying to tap into it with a proposal for an advertising campaign. Think of the “edgy” caché that Shepard Fairey developed with his “Obey” campaign of guerrilla-applied posters featuring Andre the Giant. In addition to now doing signage for the Obama campaign, Fairey has taken that celebrity and channeled into an art and marketing career. Reynolds is poised to do something similar.

In addition to London the practice is happening all over: Berlin, New York, Long Beach in California–lots of places. In Long Beach, for instance, someone recently named in an article only as “Scott” has been beautifying neglected traffic medians by planting them with attractive landscaping. What’s really to his credit is that he weeds and otherwise maintains the spaces, and he’s been doing this for ten years, more than twice as long as Reynolds.

In the same article, Ramon Arevalo, Superintendent of Grounds Maintenance for Long Beach, has said that he has no problem with “Scott’s” illegal activity. “If you want to do this, my advice is to contact myself or the council person. We want to partner with people who care about where they live.”

That sounds like the seed bomb for a whole new program cities could develop. Why not partner people who want to grow living things with governments in possession of butt-ugly patches of untended land?

Here in San Diego there are several beautification programs in and around the city where artists are invited to decorate the mundane electrical utitility boxes that populate street corners and front yards. Hundreds of boxes have sported interesting new paintjobs as a result. Why not do something similar with those dead zones spread throughout most cities by getting people to participate in beautifying their surroundings by planting gardens in neglected spaces?

And–here’s a radical idea–why not pay them something to do it?!

the danger of houseplants

Confession time. I have this fixation on Antarctica.

Most people who go to spas and do time in hotels with pool bars don’t understand it. But, as with all other perfectly honorable fetishes, it’s surprising and reassuring the number of people I run into who actually get it.

Sometime in the mid 1990s I was seriously planning a trip there, though it’s a trip that I still haven’t taken. I was trawling around what was then the internet, doing some random research, when I came across some memos from the National Science Foundation concerning houseplants in Antarctica that at the time I found a little bizarre:

In line with requirements of the Antarctic Conservation Act
[Section 4. Prohibited Acts (a) (C)], and its regulations
[Subpart B, Section 670.4 (f)], the Senior U.S. Representative,
Antarctica issued a directive reminding U.S. Antarctic Program
participants of prohibitions against maintenance of household
plants at U.S. Antarctic Program (USAP) stations and facilities.
That directive is attached to this Environmental Action
Memorandum.

To further implement the directive, this Environmental Action
Memorandum details approved methods for disposition of any
household plants (and associated materials) that currently may be
at USAP stations or facilities.

Disposition of Household Plants

Any household plants, associated growth media (e.g., soil), and
associated growth containers currently at any USAP station or
facility shall be turned over immediately to the NSF
Representative (or designee). Such plants and growth media shall
be incinerated in a suitable metal waste collection barrel (non-
plastic growth containers shall be incinerated at the same time).
The resultant ash and debris shall be retrograded from Antarctica
following approved procedures. No plastic growth containers
shall be incinerated (these shall be compacted and placed in a
suitable metal waste collection barrel for subsequent retrograde

from Antarctica). Special handling or approvals may be required
for the retrograde of these soil “contaminated” plastic growth
containers.

Sidney Draggan

Back then I thought it was ridiculous that anyone would be worried about creeping charlies, spiderplants, philodendrons and diffenbachias taking over the pack ice. Even today it does seem to lean a bit towards the overprotectionist direction, but not by much. Caution is always good with fragile ecosystems like Antarctica. Even if the main houseplants wouldn’t become weeds and take over the continent, who knows what damaging viruses and other pathogens could be stowaways in potting soil, pathogens that might threaten the few plants that live there today.

Way back when, Antarctica wasn’t positioned at the South Pole, and it was warm enough to host many plants, including forests of Antarctic beech trees. In this day and age of global warming, who knows how long it’d be before penguins would end up having to roost in fields of someone’s escaped African violets?